Slave Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Slave Trade - Essay Example The slave-trading states, for example, Virginia occupied with antagonistic associations with slave-bringing in states in their jobs of merchant and purchaser. Besides, as the slaves went farther south, the lower South states derived that the upper South was starting to change its viewpoint on bondage. This distinction incited a profound discussion over the reviving of the African slave exchange. (Deyle, 2004) The regions of the Deep South observed that new imports would permit Virginia to stay a faithful slave state. Be that as it may, Virginia didn't need recently showed up captives to reduce the estimation of its current human property. Seeing that servitude was enduring an onslaught and dreading the loss of Virginia to the free expresses, the lower South chose to seced. The Deep South constrained Virginia into withdrawal. Around then, Virginia wanted to deny itself of the incomes from the household slave exchange. Southern cotton upheld the material plants of England and the American North. Market powers overwhelmed the development and traffic of slave exchange. Slave dealers were requesting business visionaries who were completely invested in a profoundly serious business (Deyle, 2005). Slave brokers went about as conductors of market esteems into the South, who at that point prepared to industrialism and hypothesis and improved present day strategic policies to different areas. Slave holders denied that they sold slaves eagerly and protected themselves from complicity in the human traffic. (Deyle, 2004). The slave exchange has heap measurements. Southern ranchers, grower, and theorists conveyed their human asset with them at whatever point they move from Alabama to Virginia. Also, numerous slaveholders needed to expand their subjugated workforces. The experience of being offered to slave merchants and to a landowner was the most soul-tearing experience most African Americans suffered, beside substantial disciplines. An ex-slave Ben had described to questioner Mary White Ovington in 1910 that each fall, the slaves would be sold similarly that steers was sold.Slaveholders would move them starting with one spot then onto the next as though they were donkeys or ponies. Families would be part without thought for spouses, wives and kids. The individuals who had been offered to new bosses never realized what's in store and they never had a notion of what sort of new ace they would experience in their new ranch. (Jewett and Allen, 2004). At the point when Samuel Townsend, a slave proprietor from Virginia, required more slaves, he got them from brokers in Richmond. This development of slaves from the Upper South to the Gulf states introduced opportunities for beneficial theories. A large number of slaves conceived in Virginia appeared in Alabama during from 1820s to 1840s. Gatherings of slaves moved from Virginia and the Carolinas each fall. Montgomery was Alabama's biggest slave deal site. Blacks being shipped however hampered by foot irons and chains were a desolate sight on the streets. After railways had been worked in Montgomery with the Upper South slave markets, especially during the 1850s, more merchants and examiners utilized the railways to move their human freight (Jewett and Allen, 2004). Uncle Tom's Cabin changed over the North to the reason for the slave. The book carried home to the core of the North, and of the world, that the slave was a man. The book was instrumental in passing on the way that the slave is connected to humankind by human love and desire and anguish yet without the privileges of man. (Merriam, 1970). Uncle Tom's

Copernicus Essays - Copernican Revolution, Ancient Greek Astronomy

Copernicus Essays - Copernican Revolution, Ancient Greek Astronomy Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus 1473-1543 Material science February 8, 2000 Nicolas Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus 1473-1543 Copernicus was conceived in Poland in 1473, he began his training at Cracow University. There he contemplated science and optics. From here he went to Italy, where he was named as an ordinance in the house of prayer of Frauenburg, where he consumed an agreeable scholarly time on earth studding. Copernicus had some little side interests while at the church building, he painted, and every now and again made an interpretation of Greek verse into Latin. One other side interest that simply wasn't sufficiently little to be known as a diversion to the greater part of us was cosmology. He made examinations unobtrusively and alone, with no assistance. He saw from a turret on a defensive divider around a church building, he additionally looked with his unaided eye instead of with a telescope. He was one of the authors of present day cosmology. Copernicus passed on in 1543 of a cerebral discharge. In 1530 just before Copernicus passed on he figured out how to distributed his work, De Revolutionibus. Which said that the earth pivoted on its hub once day by day and went around the sun once yearly. This may no stable extremely dubious yet as of now the congregation and its adherents had faith in the Ptolemiac hypothesis, which expressed that the universe was a shut space limited by a circular envelope past which there was nothing. (Landry 1999) Copernicuss works conflicted with the congregation, and most logical convictions. This might be one motivation behind why Copernicus didnt distribute his work until his deathbed. Another explanation might be that Copernicus was an immense fussbudget, and constantly revamp his works again and again to get them right. (Field 1995) So you can perceive any reason why Copernicus wasnt in any enormous race to have the world think about his hypothesis. On one hand he would cause a Nicolas Copernicus tramoundous mix in the congregation, and all mainstream researchers. He wouldve in all probability have been terminated from the agreeable church position he had for a long time, and couldve given him a terrible name. In the event that it hadnt been for George Rheticus, a 25-year-old German science teacher Copernicuss may have never publiched his work. (Field 1995) Rheticus remained with Copernicus for a long time, and persuaded him to discharge his work. His work the Copernicus' heliostatic cosmology included giving a few unmistakable movements to the Earth. It was thus viewed as unrealistic by far most of his counterparts, and by most stargazers and characteristic logicians of succeeding ages before the center of the seventeenth century. Its solitary protectors included Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Solid hypothetical supporting for the Copernican hypothesis was given by Newton's hypothesis of widespread attraction (1687). (Field 1995) So Copernicuss entire contention expressed that the planets and the Earth were in circle around the sun, and the moon was in circle around the Earth. This is known as the The Heliocentric System: Nicolas Copernicus Taking everything into account Copernicus said that the Sun was the focal point of the universe, and conflicted with all known information, religion, and lessons. He took every one of his perceptions with the unaided eye and with no assistance. Many ignored his book and his hypothesis, which conflicted with everything that the congregation had faith in. Be that as it may on the off chance that it wasnt for Copernicus, current space science would have never made advances the extent that it needs to today. Copernicuss difficult work and quality is the reason he is one of the most significant organizers of present day space science. List of sources Field, J. V. (1995 August). Landing page. [Online]. [2000, Feb. 8]. Space science 161 The Solar System . [Online]. College of Florida. [2000, Feb. 8]. Landry, Peter (1999 June). Landing page. [Online]. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. CANADA. [2000, Feb. 8].

Summer 2011 Internship Post #3 Twisha Mehta COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer 2011 Internship Post #3 Twisha Mehta COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Twisha Mehta is 2nd Year MPA, concentration in Economic and Political Development ****************************** Summer is an exciting opportunity for SIPA students to travel to all corners of the world for their summer internships. Last semester, many of my peers found it difficult to choose one country and internship over the next. When it came time for me to choose my summer internship, I knew that I wanted to work in an international setting, so I decided to stay right here in New York and intern with the United Nations Secretariat.  With such a diverse set of colleagues, I do not think it could get more international than this! The Secretariat is one of the 5 principle organs of the United Nations and is under the leadership of Ban Ki Moon, the current Secretary General. It is primarily responsible for the administrative functioning of the entire UN system and providing support to the other four UN organs- including the Economic Social Council (ECOSOC) and the General Assembly (GA). The Secretariat is also responsible for administering peacekeeping operations and preparing studies on international issues such as sustainable development and human rights. Anyone who knows a thing or two about the UN knows that pinpointing your exact location in the UN organizational chart is like finding the file path of an illusive document your computer hard-drive. So where exactly was I within the UN chart? My UN ‘file path’ looked something like this:   United Nations/New York Headquarters/UN Secretariat/Department of Management/Office of the Under-Secretary General/UN Headquarters Committee on Contracts/Capacity Development Program I spent my first few days soaking in the idea of working at the UN. The idea of walking through the same hallways and sitting in the same rooms as heads of state, diplomats, and even the Secretary General was quite inspiring and exciting. The organization is truly comprehensive in its scope of work and reach. As many of my colleagues pointed out to me, the United Nations is the only platform where all countries can come together in one location and discuss issues- even if it means endless debates the limits of the continental shelf (a topic which I have yet to read up on!). Prior coming to SIPA, my professional experiences related to grassroots project management and implementation. Upon starting my UN internship, I quickly realized my work there was as equally challenging and rewarding as working in the field. Despite the large size of the organization, my department’s work directly interacted with UN field offices and peacekeeping missions all around the world. The Headquarters Committee on Contracts (HCC) primary works to ensure that UN contracts of goods and services over a specified amount follow UN rules and regulations in order to increase transparency and procure items with the best value for money (BVM) for the organization. As a HCC Capacity Development Program intern, I was primarily responsible for developing a briefing folder for HCC training participants, analyzing data from the HCC training programs and producing annual training reports for the department as well as a the Department of Management Under-Secretary General (DM- USG). One of the most exciting things about working with the United Nations is that there is never a true ‘lull’ period. In between my primary responsibilities as an intern, I got to see the many sides of the UN through lunch-time briefings, sit on ECOSOC meetings, attend member-state mission briefings, welcome South Sudan as the 193rd member state, and even shake hands with Ban Ki Moon! Here is a picture of all of the UN Secretariat Summer interns with Secretary General Ban Ki Moon.   (Courtesy of the UN).

Mexican Independence History The Siege of Guanajuato

On September 16, 1810, Father Miguel Hidalgo, parish priest of the town of Dolores, issued the famous â€Å"Grito de la Dolores† or â€Å"Shout of Dolores.† Before long, he was at the head of a vast, unruly mob of peasants and Indians armed with machetes and clubs. Years of neglect and high taxes by Spanish authorities had made the people of Mexico ready for blood. Along with co-conspirator Ignacio Allende, Hidalgo led his mob through the towns of San Miguel and Celaya before setting their sights on the largest city in the area: the mining town of Guanajuato. Father Hidalgos Rebel Army Hidalgo had allowed his soldiers to sack the homes of Spaniards in the town of San Miguel and the ranks of his army swelled with would-be looters. As they passed through Celaya, the local regiment, composed mostly of Creole officers and soldiers, switched sides and joined the rebels. Neither Allende, who had a military background nor Hidalgo could completely control the angry mob that followed them. The rebel â€Å"army† that descended upon Guanajuato on September 28 was a seething mass of anger, vengeance, and greed, numbering anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000 according to eyewitness accounts. The Granary of Granaditas The intendant of Guanajuato, Juan Antonio Riaà ±o, was an old personal friend of Hidalgo. Hidalgo even sent his old friend a letter, offering to protect his family. Riaà ±o and the royalist forces in Guanajuato decided to fight. They chose the large, fortress-like public granary (Alhà ³ndiga de Granaditas) to make their stand: all of the Spaniards moved their families and wealth inside and fortified the building as best they could. Riaà ±o was confident: he believed that the rabble marching on Guanajuato would be quickly dispersed by organized resistance. The Siege of Guanajuato Hidalgo’s horde arrived on September 28 and was quickly joined by many miners and workers of Guanajuato. They laid siege to the granary, where royalist officers and Spaniards fought for their lives and those of their families. The attackers charged en masse, taking heavy casualties. Hidalgo ordered some of his men to nearby rooftops, where they threw stones at the defenders and onto the roof of the granary, which eventually collapsed under the weight. There were only some 400 defenders, and although they were dug in, they could not win against such odds. Death of Riaà ±o and the White Flag While directing some reinforcements, Riaà ±o was shot and killed instantly. His second-in-command, the town assessor, ordered the men to run up a white flag of surrender. As the attackers moved in to take prisoners, the ranking military officer in the compound, Major Diego Berzà ¡bal, countermanded the order to surrender and the soldiers opened fire on the advancing attackers. The attackers thought the â€Å"surrender† a ruse and furiously redoubled their attacks. Pipila, Unlikely Hero According to local legend, the battle had a most unlikely hero: a local miner nicknamed â€Å"Pà ­pila,† which is a hen turkey. Pà ­pila earned his name because of his gait.  He was born deformed, and others thought he walked like a turkey. Often ridiculed for his deformity, Pà ­pila became a hero when he strapped a large, flat stone onto his back and made his way to the large wooden door of the granary with tar and a torch. The stone protected him as he put the tar on the door and set it afire. Before long, the door burned through and the attackers were able to enter. Massacre and Pillage The siege and assault of the fortified granary only took the massive attacking horde about five hours. After the episode of the white flag, no quarter was offered to the defenders within, who were all massacred. Women and children were sometimes spared, but not always. Hidalgo’s army went on a pillaging rampage in Guanajuato, looting the homes of Spaniards and creoles alike. The plundering was horrible, as everything not nailed down was stolen. The final death toll was approximately 3,000 insurgents and all 400 defenders of the granary. Aftermath and Legacy of the Siege of Guanajuato Hidalgo and his army spent some days in Guanajuato, organizing the combatants into regiments and issuing proclamations. They marched out on October 8, en route to Valladolid (now Morelia). The siege of Guanajuato marked the beginning of serious differences between the two leaders of the insurgency, Allende, and Hidalgo. Allende was aghast at the massacres, pillaging and looting he saw during and after the battle: he wanted to weed out the rabble, make a coherent army of the rest and fight an â€Å"honorable† war. Hidalgo, on the other hand, encouraged the looting, thinking of it as payback for years of injustice at the hands of Spaniards. Hidalgo also pointed out that without the prospect of looting, many combatants would disappear. As for the battle itself, it was lost the minute Riaà ±o locked away the Spaniards and richest creoles in the â€Å"safety† of the granary. The normal citizens of Guanajuato (quite justly) felt betrayed and abandoned and were quick to side with the attackers. In addition, most of the attacking peasants were only interested in two things: killing Spaniards and looting. By concentrating all of the Spaniards and all of the loot in one building, Riaà ±o made it inevitable that the building would be attacked and all within massacred. As for Pà ­pila, he survived the battle and today there is a statue of him in Guanajuato. Word of the horrors of Guanajuato soon spread around Mexico. The authorities in Mexico City soon realized that they had a major uprising on their hands and began organizing its defense, which would clash with Hidalgo again on Monte de las Cruces. Guanajuato was also significant in that it alienated many wealthy creoles to the rebellion: they would not join it until much later. Creole homes, as well as Spanish ones, were destroyed in the wanton looting, and many Creole families had sons or daughters married to Spaniards. These first battles of Mexican independence were viewed as a class war, not as a Creole alternative to Spanish governance. Sources Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000.Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826 New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986.Scheina, Robert L. Latin America’s Wars, Volume 1: The Age of the Caudillo 1791-1899 Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s Inc., 2003.Villalpando, Josà © Manuel. Miguel Hidalgo. Mexico City: Editorial Planeta, 2002.

The Chicago Mafia During The Prohibition Era - 1236 Words

Just like in every other business legal or not legal if there is demand, be rest assured there will be a supply. The result was bootlegging â€Å"alcoholic liquor unlawfully made, sold, or transported, without registration or payment of taxes.† (random house, 2015) Bootlegging helped open the door for more organized crime such as opening speakeasies, which were private illegal stores and clubs that sold alcohol. These activities turned out to be a very lucrative business in the black market sector, thus creating large organized crime groups, more criminal and violent activities. This was especially true in the larger cities, such as Chicago were one man named Al Capone ruled the city â€Å"One of the most famous American gangsters, Al Capone, also†¦show more content†¦In the 1920s many anti-prohibitionists started gaining steam, because of the new found support and the obviousness that the 18th Amendment was not working. When the great depression struck in 1929, it h elped support the Anti-Prohibition movement even further, for the sheer fact that the government could end the prohibition and instead of the black market getting the money from alcohol sales, it could be going to the people. The money the government was using to enforce the prohibition, that clearly wasn’t working, could be going to areas in the U.S. that really needed it. These were some of the points that even Democrat, Franklin D. Roosevelt used during his election campaign, and the majority loved the idea of ending the prohibition and Roosevelt was elected to be the 32nd president in November 1932. Soon after Roosevelt came into office it was put into motion to repeal the 18th Amendment. â€Å"After over a decade of being a â€Å"dry† country, on December 6, 1932, Senator John Blaine of Wisconsin submitted a resolution onto the floor of the Senate to submit the 21st amendment to the states for ratification, which followed in February 1933. That very same year, t he 36th state, which was the last necessary one needed (and ironically ended up being Utah), ratified the 21st amendment at 5:32pm on December 5th, at which point President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, at 7pmon the same day, signed the amendment and

Vote For Snowball The Kosher Porker Free Essays

Tulip Serbin Plansinis Vote For Snowball: The Kosher Porker At a time when food and spirits were low, a certain candidate stepped up to the hay mound to lift up such grief and depression. In his actions and improvements to better the farm, he made the harvest more productive, and led victory through a tough battle. No one would be a greater leader than Snowball. We will write a custom essay sample on Vote For Snowball: The Kosher Porker or any similar topic only for you Order Now He supported animals’ rights, a continued revolution, and productivity. Shortly after the rebellion of Mr. Jones, to signify this exciting new change to the society of human kind, Manor Farm was quickly changed to Animal Farm. By Snowball changing the name of the farm, it now indicated that this farm was run and operated by animals. Not only did this show farmers the strength of the animals, but also the effecting power they could have. Snowball’s dream was to have every farm run and operated by animals. Snowball was very persuasive. Snowball persuaded the animals with the simple sentence, which said, â€Å"Surely, comrades, surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back† (Orwell 52)? To put his plan of a continued revolution in action, he then sent pigeons to all the neighboring farms to spread the word of the rebellion, hoping to get other animals thinking of the same idea. Also, the Beats of England song was being highly recognized and sung by animals and humans alike. Snowball was definitely a highly determined pig, and knew how to popularize his farm and its effecting power. Nothing could be more superior in a leader, than being â€Å"for the people†. Snowball was for the Animals’ Rights, and showed it prominent ways. During Old major’s speech, he came up with the idea of Animalism, where animals are highly acknowledged, and humans are shunned from the animal world. Snowball was the first pig to take any action in improving upon Animalism. Old Major had a long list of rules and regulations for the animals if a rebellion was to take place. Snowball elaborated the long set into The 7 Commandments. The commandments were then written on the barn so that all the animals could see them. By doing this, all the animals knew what they could and couldn’t do. Every person (or animal) likes to patriotic to their cause or country, and snowball helped them raise their patriotism by making a flag. An organization or town or anything that has a leader†¦ could not be a professional name until a flag is made. By making this flag, it published and popularized again the power the farm had. Snowball also came up with very good ideas. The most important idea was the idea for the building of the windmill. In the story he said, â€Å"I do not deny that to build this would be a difficult business, but you would decrease your working time, and it would provide luxury to all animals† (Orwell 65). Snowball also liked to get involved. One example is he fought himself in the Battle of the Cowshed. By using Julius Caesar’s tactics he led his farm to victory. He knew how to lead animals very well. In the text he said, â€Å"War is War. The only good human being is a dead one† (Orwell 59). Snowball showed immense courage and definitely earned the animals’ respect for it. Snowball knew how to listen and treat the animals to their own wants and needs. Snowball knew how to get the â€Å"hay† rolling. Snowball was very productive. In order for the animals to have some say in the matter, he made up the idea of The Committees, which included The Egg Production Committee for the chickens, The Clean Tail Committee for the cows, and Whiter Wool Committee for the Sheep, plus many more. Although, the committees didn’t go very far, showing the animals that he (a pig) was letting the animals in the â€Å"in crowd† , showing something no other pig was able to do. Also, Snowball made the harvest successful. In the story he said, â€Å"Now, Comrades, let us make it a point of honor to get in the harvest more quickly than Jones and his men did† (Orwell 43)! Snowball was determined to make it a point that the animals could accomplish far more than Jones could do. By saying that quote, he got the animals excited to participate in the â€Å"challenge† of â€Å"Beat Jones in the Harvest†. Snowball also taught the animals education. Although some animals couldn’t get passed the 4th letter in the alphabet, every animal on the farm was literate. Indeed, they did beat Jones in the harvest thanks to Snowball’s supervision and Boxer’s hard work. Snowball supported animals’ rights, a continued revolution, and productivity. He also was involved in getting work done, such as fighting in the Battle of the Cowshed. He also knew how to get the work accomplished, but in a way that benefited everyone. Snowball in the end knew how to win the â€Å"popular vote† by â€Å"being for the animals†. How to cite Vote For Snowball: The Kosher Porker, Essay examples

What Matters Most To Me free essay sample

There are many things that matter to me. The first is God, I go to Church just about every Sunday.nthe second thing is my family. They mean the world to me. The last thing is my friends. If I am not at school or with my family, Im with my friends. First, God matters to me. If you dont have God, then who do you have? Me and my family go to Church every Sunday. We are religious but not majorly religious. God comes before anybody or anything. The second thing is my family. Like I said, they mean everything to me. I love them with my whole heart, even though they annoy the mess out of me. Me and my family are close, we share a lot with each other. I will always choose them over anybody. The third and last thing, are my friends. They are my rock. We will write a custom essay sample on What Matters Most To Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I cant go to my family and talk to them about it, I always have them. There are a lot to name but I love them all equally. And even though I might lose some of them, in the end it will prove who is my true friends and who isnt. To conclude, I cant pick which of these three mean more. Of course God means the most. But they are all basically equal. I literally couldnt live without these three things. Because in the end I know for a fact that God, my family, and my friends, will always be there for me.